Synonyms: Proptera purpuratus

Distribution: Widely distributed species throughout the Mississippi River drainage below the confluence with the Missouri River near St. Louis, MO and in the Gulf Coast region. Recently found in the Rio Grande where is possibly introduced. Generally found in quiet or slow-moving water. Widespread in Oklahoma in both rivers and reservoirs.

Life History and Ecology: Inhabits rivers of all sizes and often does well in reservoirs. Long-term brooder that is thought to specialize on freshwater drum as a host. Opportunistic life history strategy.

Special Status: none

Shell Description: click here for shell description